Here's one that I just had happen today:
Notice how that's a ship that's been destroyed with nearly full hull. "How might that happen?", you say. Well here's a screenshot from a few seconds earlier.
Notice the no hull in that one. While jumping away from a beacon, I was hit by a beam taking my last hull, but I was jumping to a store. I was still allowed to buy whatever I wanted at the store (I bought shields and a bunch of hull), but unfortunately my ship was still destroyed.

Shields and Cloaking were both available at the store since I was playing with a modded ship (Krakatoa from my signature), but this really didn't play into the circumstances that make this an epic fail moment.